Comprehensive Australian Programme of Law Reform Essay

Far reaching Australian Program of Law Reform - Essay Example This move has been equipped towards guaranteeing that the extent of potential obligation is limited, for instance through the restricting of individual obligation borne by clinical professionals who offer help to those individuals at a higher danger of injury or who need crisis clinical assistance; and decreasing the harms that might be granted in such cases in order to bind the presentation of financiers with the goal that they might give better and progressively reasonable spread to the individuals who need it. One significant component to bring up at this stage is the way that a large portion of these changes really contrasted with the suggestions set forward by the IPP Committee Report, which was agreeable to national and uniform law reaction to the ward emergency on instances of obligation, carelessness and grant of harms (Ellison, 2005). Without a doubt different governments that have come up since 2002 have attempted to institute and actualize law changes that tended to risk, carelessness, and harms. ... 2.0 The law changes 2.1 Establishing risk The obligation laws mull over the custom-based law and resolutions of administrative and states governments. In these arrangements, an individual who is harmed or has endured a misfortune or in any case brought about harm may establish an activity focused on remuneration based on the tort of custom-based law of carelessness that depends on deficiency; break of agreement; and penetrate of the arrangements specified in the Australian Consumer Law that was affected in 2011 that supplanted arrangements of the Federal Trade Practices Act 1974 identifying with item obligation and security of produce. In building up the obligation of an individual in tort, the issue of predictability becomes possibly the most important factor. An individual has an obligation of care to someone else according to the law of tort. The litigant had a case to reply in the event that he was in a situation to find ahead of time sensibly, that the harmed individual would en dure misfortune or was in danger of doing as such however the respondent neglected to make fundamental preventive move (Australian Government Treasury; 2002; 2004; Harlow, 2005). This part of contributory carelessness is contained two segments to be specific the predictability of hazard identifying with hurt and a computation of the degree of carelessness additionally called the ‘negligence calculus’. In view of the above arrangements, an individual is liberated from obligation for neglecting to play it safe if the hazard being referred to is unforeseeable and can be built up as being so. To know whether a hazard is predictable or not, it is given that such a hazard ought not be so plausible to a degree that any sensible individual or somebody in their normal faculties would overlook it (Trowbridge and Deloitte, 2002). Having just settled the part of

Management by Objectives Essays

The board by Objectives Essays The board by Objectives Essay The board by Objectives Essay For what reason should associations take part in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require moderately unpredictable and thorough HR arranging frameworks than isn't that right? Talk about. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The progressing procedure of deliberate wanting to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most significant resource is HR office. The goal of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among workers and occupations, while dodging labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are anticipating work request, dissecting present work flexibly, and adjusting anticipated work request and gracefully. The executives by Objectives (MBO) strategy includes defining explicit quantifiable objectives with every worker and afterward intermittently surveying the advancement made. Focal points: 1. It sets destinations that are quantifiable and quantifiable. 2. It remembers the worker interest for objective-setting process. 3. It additionally includes employee’s dynamic investment in building up the activity plan. . It gives a chance to administrator and worker to talk about advance and adjust goals when vital. Disservices: 1. It is tedious. 2. It might bring about a back-and-forth or forward and backward conversations among chief and worker for setting the goals, activity plan and so on. Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) is an examination strategy that consolidates the advantages of account basic occurr ences and quantitative appraisals. Favorable circumstances: 1. It is a moderately progressively precise technique for measure. 2. It has clear characterized measures. 3. It helps in giving explicit valuable criticism to representatives. 4. It is autonomous of measurements and a reliable strategy for examination. 5. It is created through dynamic cooperation of the two administrators and occupation officeholders. 6. It has a more prominent possibility of acknowledgment as the two directors and officeholders are associated with its turn of events. Burdens: 1. It requires some investment and duty to create. 2. There are independent structures that must be created for various employments. Q3. Clarify the rising patterns in Human Resource Management and talk about the significance of innovation on human asset work. Outline your answer with models. Q4. For what reason should associations participate in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require generally mind boggling and thorough HR arranging frameworks than isn't that right? Talk about. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The continuous procedure of deliberate wanting to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most significant resource is HR office. The target of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among workers and occupations, while evading labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are guaging work request, breaking down present work gracefully, and adjusting anticipated work request and flexibly. The executives by Objectives (MBO) strategy includes defining explicit quantifiable objectives with every worker and afterward occasionally surveying the advancement made. Points of interest: 1. It sets goals that are quantifiable and quantifiable. 2. It remembers the worker support for objective-setting process. 3. It additionally includes employee’s dynamic investment in building up the activity plan. 4. It gives a chance to director and representative to talk about advance and adjust destinations when fundamental. Hindrances: 1. It is tedious. 2. It might bring about a back-and-forth or forward and backward conversations among chief and representative for setting the targets, activity plan and so forth. Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) is an examination strategy that consolidates the advantages of account basic occurrences and quantitative evaluations. Points of interest: 1. It is a generally progressively exact technique for measure. 2. It has clear characterized gauges. 3. It helps in giving explicit productive criticism to workers. 4. It is autonomous of measurements and a predictable technique for examination. 5. It is created through dynamic support of the two administrators and employment occupants. 6. It has a more prominent possibility of acknowledgment as the two administrators and occupants are associated with its turn of events. Detriments: 1. It requires some investment and promise to create. . There are isolated structures that must be produced for various occupations. Q3. Clarify the developing patterns in Human Resource Management and examine the significance of innovation on human asset work. Represent your answer with models. Q4. For what reason should associations take part in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require moderately mind boggling and extensive HR arranging frameworks than isn't that r ight? Examine. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The continuous procedure of precise wanting to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most important resource is HR division. The goal of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among workers and occupations, while maintaining a strategic distance from labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are anticipating work request, dissecting present work gracefully, and adjusting anticipated work request and flexibly. The board by Objectives (MBO) technique includes defining explicit quantifiable objectives with every representative and afterward occasionally auditing the advancement made. Points of interest: 1. It sets destinations that are quantifiable and quantifiable. 2. It remembers the representative interest for objective-setting process. 3. It likewise includes employee’s dynamic support in building up the activity plan. 4. It gives a chance to administrator and worker to examine advance and adjust targets when fundamental. Detriments: 1. It is tedious. 2. It might bring about a back-and-forth or forward and backward conversations among administrator and worker for setting the targets, activity plan and so on. Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) is an evaluation technique that consolidates the advantages of account basic episodes and quantitative appraisals. Points of interest: 1. It is a generally increasingly precise technique for measure. 2. It has extremely clear characterized principles. 3. It helps in giving explicit valuable input to workers. 4. It is autonomous of measurements and a steady strategy for evaluation. 5. It is created through dynamic cooperation of the two supervisors and occupation occupants. 6. It has a more prominent possibility of acknowledgment as the two chiefs and officeholders are engaged with its turn of events. Weaknesses: 1. It requires some investment and pledge to create. 2. There are isolated structures that must be created for various employments. Q3. Clarify the rising patterns in Human Resource Management and talk about the significance of innovation on human asset work. Represent your answer with models. Q4. For what reason should associations take part in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require moderately perplexing and thorough HR arranging frameworks than isn't that right? Talk about. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The continuous procedure of deliberate intending to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most important resource is HR division. The goal of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among representatives and employments, while keeping away from labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are anticipating work request, examining present work flexibly, and adjusting anticipated work request and gracefully.

Diversity or Merit

Diversity or Merit Theres something Ive been mulling over in my head for a long time. Its an issue at the intersection of other excellent posts that folks have made here on the blogs, such as Davids Putting Diversity Into Context and Annas Being Qualified For MIT, as well as conversations (good and bad) that Ive had with people on CollegeConfidential and elsewhere. When Im on the road, or in an information session, or online in various communities, I often am asked something along the lines of the following question: What does MIT value more: diversity, or merit? In its uglier, less delicate version, especially online, the premise underlying the question is not hidden within it at all, but barely-veiled, an unstated principle from which to derive a conclusion: Oh, [that student] did / did not get in or will / will not be accepted because they are a woman / a minority / from a rural state / an athlete / an artist / a traveling magician, even though they are *unqualified* Lets cut to the core of the matter. When somebody asks me this question, or proclaims this conclusion, they are assuming this: that MIT, for some students, values something called diversity more than something called merit, and that we admit underqualified students who bring diversity instead of admitting more meritorious students who lack it. This is simply wrong. It is also subtly wrong. And heres the subtlety. The unspoken premise which undergirds this way of thinking assumes that there is a dichotomy between diversity and merit. We either select for diversity, OR we select for merit; they are otherwise exclusive characteristics, which cannot be combined in a single applicant. I would hope that premise, once so plainly stated, is self-evidently absurd. But in the pursuit of further conceptual clarity, lets talk a little bit more about these two factors merit, and diversity what we mean by them, and how they play into our admissions process. When we talk about merit in the admissions process, what we really mean, for the vast majority of applicants, is closer to the idea of qualified or prepared. Based on a bevy of data in your application your scores, your grades, your teacher recommendations, your courses, your achievements, and so forth can we conclude that you are prepared to handle the material at MIT. Now obviously preparation is in some sense a range. You can be more or less prepared for MIT based on the work that you have done and the experiences you have had. A student who has not taken calculus is comparatively much less prepared than a student who has. But there is one thing that all students admitted to MIT have in common. And that is that we are confident they are prepared to succeed at MIT. Put another way: while not all students admitted to MIT are equally well prepared and how could they be, with such different experiences? all students at MIT are sufficiently prepared to succeed at MIT. We do not admit students who are not prepared to attend MIT. Period. No one benefits. Not MIT, when the student fails out. Not the student, when they could have succeeded somewhere else. Everybody loses. And I hate to lose. By the same token, we do not admit students who are unqualified for admission to MIT. I define qualified, for these purposes, as meaning prepared for attending MIT. We are not going to admit anyone, for any reason, who doesnt possess the qualification, the preparation yes, the merit to deserve, and to capitalize on, their admission. Now, more than half the students who apply to MIT every year are qualified for admittance, by which I mean the majority of applicants are sufficiently prepared to do the work at MIT. The question thus arises: how do we constitute a class from all these qualified students? This is where the idea of diversity comes in. On our What To Do In High School page, we say this of our application process: When we admit a class of students to MIT, its as if were choosing a 1,000-person team to climb a very interesting, fairly rugged mountain together. We obviously want people who have the training, stamina and passion for the climb. At the same time, we want each to add something useful or intriguing to the team, from a wonderful temperament or sense of humor, to compelling personal experiences, to a wide range of individual gifts, talents, interests and achievements. We are emphatically not looking for a batch of identical perfect climbers; we are looking for a richly varied team of capable people who will support, surprise and inspire each other. Put another way: we are not looking for the thousand students who aced the math SAT. Or the thousand students who won some biology award. Or for that matter the thousand students who come from poor, underrepresented backgrounds that make our hearts bleed. We are looking for the best mix of all these students who will together constitute a terrific class. And in assembling this class we consider many, many, many factors holistically in our process. This is what we mean when we say we value diversity. It means we want a lot of different people, from a lot of different backgrounds, to come to MIT and to learn from each other. One of the most important things about college is its role as a socializing institution. College is a place where you meet all sorts of people from all sorts of backgrounds and you learn from each other. It is, properly constituted, an environment which fosters intellectual, ideological, and social cross-pollination. You need diversity broadly defined for college to matter. For college to be worth it. If all you want to do is learn stuff, you can go to the library and check out textbooks for free. If, on the other hand, you want to learn stuff, and to also learn from other people, and to become aware of problems which exist in the world which need solving, and learn to interact with people from different beliefs and backgrounds, then you need college. Or at least something so similar to college as to be effectively indistinguishable. There is no easy way into MIT. There is no backdoor or bootstrap. You are admitted to MIT because you are awesome. You may be awesome and not be admitted. We only have so many beds and so many seats. But for every person we admit, you can be sure that they are sufficient prepared to do the work here, and that they are also going to contribute something to campus. The point I am trying to make is this: when it comes to each applicant, we are not looking for merit or diversity. We are looking for merit and diversity. Its not either/or. Its yes/and.

What Is the Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve

Students learn in microeconomics that the demand curve for a good, which shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity of the good that consumers demand- i.e. are willing, ready, and able to purchase- has a negative slope. This negative slope reflects the observation that people demand more of almost all goods when they gets cheaper and vice versa.  This is known as the law of demand. The Aggregate Demand Curve in Macroeconomics In contrast, the aggregate demand curve used in macroeconomics shows the relationship between the overall (i.e. average) price level in an economy, usually represented by the GDP Deflator, and the total amount of all goods demanded in an economy. Note that goods in this context technically refers to both goods and services. Specifically, the aggregate demand curve shows real GDP, which, in equilibrium, represents both total output and total income in an economy, on its horizontal axis. Technically, in the context of aggregate demand, the Y on the horizontal axis represents aggregate expenditure.  As it turns out, the aggregate demand curve also slopes downwards, giving a similar negative relationship between price and quantity that exists with the demand curve for a single good. The reason that the aggregate demand curve has a negative slope, however, is quite different. In a lot of cases, people consume less of a particular good when its price increases because they have an incentive to substitute away to other goods that have become relatively less expensive as a result of the price increase. On an aggregate level, however, this is somewhat difficult to do- though not totally impossible, since consumers can substitute away to imported goods in some situations. Therefore, the aggregate demand curve must slope downwards for different reasons. In fact, there are three reasons why the aggregate demand curve exhibits this pattern: the wealth effect, the interest-rate effect, and the exchange-rate effect. The Wealth Effect When the overall price level in an economy decreases, consumers purchasing power increases, since every dollar they have goes further than it used to. On a practical level, this increase in purchasing power is similar to an increase in wealth, so it shouldnt be surprising that an increase in purchasing power makes consumers want to consume more. Since consumption is a component of GDP (and therefore a component of aggregate demand), this increase in purchasing power caused by a reduction in the price level leads to an increase in aggregate demand. Conversely, an increase in the overall price level decreases the purchasing power of consumers, making them feel less wealthy, and therefore decreases the number of goods that consumers want to purchase, leading to a decrease in aggregate demand. The Interest-Rate Effect While it is true that lower prices encourage consumers to increase their consumption, it is often the case that case that this increase in the number of goods purchased still leaves consumers with more money left over than they had before. This leftover money is then saved and lent out to companies and households for investment purposes. The market for loanable funds responds to the forces of supply and demand just like any other market, and the price of loanable funds is the real interest rate. Therefore, the increase in consumer saving results in an increase in the supply of loanable funds, which decreases the real interest rate and increases the level of investment in the economy. Since investment is a category of GDP (and therefore a component of aggregate demand), a decrease in the price level leads to an increase in aggregate demand. Conversely, an increase in the overall price level tends to decrease the amount that consumers save, which lowers the supply of savings, raises the real interest rate, and lowers the quantity of investment. This decrease in investment leads to a decrease in aggregate demand. The Exchange-Rate Effect Since net exports (i.e. the difference between exports and imports in an economy) is a component of GDP (and therefore aggregate demand), its important to think about the effect that a change in the overall price level has on the levels of imports and exports. In order to examine the effect of price changes on imports and exports, however, we need to understand the impact of an absolute change in the price level on relative prices between different countries. When the overall price level in an economy decreases, the interest rate in that economy tends to decline, as explained above. This decline in the interest rate makes saving via domestic assets look less attractive compared to saving via assets in other countries, so demand for foreign assets increases. In order to purchase these foreign assets, people need to exchange their dollars (if the U.S. is the home country, of course) for foreign currency. Like most other assets, the price of currency (i.e. the exchange rate) is determined by the forces of supply and demand, and an increase in demand for foreign currency increases the price of foreign currency. This makes domestic currency relatively cheaper (i.e. the domestic currency depreciates), meaning that the decrease in the price level not only reduces prices in an absolute sense but also reduces prices relative to the exchange-rate adjusted price levels of other countries. This decrease in the relative price level makes domestic goods cheaper than they were before for foreign consumers. The currency depreciation also makes imports more expensive for domestic consumers than they were before. Not surprisingly, then, a decrease in the domestic price level increases the number of exports and decreases the number of imports, resulting in an increase in net exports. Because net exports is a category of GDP (and therefore a component of aggregate demand), a decrease in the price level leads to an increase in aggregate demand. Conversely, an increase in the overall price level will increase interest rates, causing foreign investors to demand more domestic assets and, by extension, increase the demand for dollars. This increase in demand for dollars makes dollars more expensive (and foreign currency less expensive), which discourages exports and encourages imports. This decreases net exports and, as a result, decreases aggregate demand.

Short Story - 1025 Words

Initially golden eyes were drawn to examining the manor that stood imposingly existent, as most noble dwellings did, though at the question they turned menacingly towards the offending party. Plenty of Eliseo’s days had passed with his brother’s devious second hand man lingering overhead, and he could detect the subtle threat that lay dormant beneath a guise of parting pleasantries. If features weren’t already stiffened from the metal that encased the lower half of his face the outright disrespect of such an inquiry would have been capable of producing the same result, and yet he felt the message was conveyed well by the narrowed gleam of an already impatient glare. â€Å"Ensuring the sanctity of the Devore name is, and will always be, my†¦show more content†¦Realization quickly dawned that he’d unintentionally allowed every ounce of displeasure concerning this venture to overcome him, and it had finally gotten to the point where he was locked aw ay within an endless cycle of thought. Apologetic fingers reached upwards to smooth over a hurriedly lowered head, which lead to an entire three minutes of soothing petting, though the question of whose benefit the session had taken place for remained an unresolved mystery. With nerves that were as settled as they were ever going to get in such a situation a reason to linger outdoors no longer existed, and yet there wasn’t even a chance to knock before eager members of the mansions staff were politely welcoming him inside. Cracks from earlier frustrations roiled across his carefully crafted facade; nevertheless, it functioned as it was intended to, and no one had to be any the wiser as his natural poise presented him in the most proper manner. Greetings were kept to minimal expressions of civility while Eliseo turned over an undoubtedly expensive coat, and within moments of entering he was already being ushered down lavish hallways towards a destination he could only assume would be the parlor. Enamored by the surrounding decor, Eliseo saw little reason to bother with polite chit-chat, and instead remained focusedShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Behavior Observation Report Free Essays

Cody, my nine-year old cousin, was observed during a period of interaction with his 42-year old mother and some of his peers who are generally at the same age as he is. The observation was conducted at their home during the free time of the boy in the afternoon. Observation Cody was playing along with his peers and sharing his Playstation 2 console with the group. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavior Observation Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now A moment came when Cody was directly playing against one of his peers, then his mother suddenly called him and instructed him to go to the kitchen in an agitated tone. Cody seemed really annoyed for a while but eventually came to his mother to listen to what she had to say. Cody asked for what reason he was called for. His mother suddenly became quite agitated while pointing to some dirty clothes lying on the floor. His mother then shouted at him, â€Å"What’s wrong with you? All you do when you get to play with your friends is forget about how to do things properly. Why did you change your clothes and leave them at places where they should not be found? Clean up your mess now! † Cody obliged although evidently angry as seen through his facial expression. After hastily completing the task, he went back to his friends and continued the game. After a few minutes, his mother came to their play area and immediately shouted, â€Å"What is this mess all about? I spend every morning tidying up this place and you and your friend constantly ruin the arrangements and make everything so dirty. Clean this place this instant! † Cody was infuriated at that point and shouted â€Å"shut up! † while cleaning the place when his mother finally left the place. Upon hearing the voice of his mother, I observed that his mood changes from relatively friendly to an irritated one. Expectedly, his mother called him again. Cody was obviously murmuring â€Å"shut up! † over and over as he went towards his mother. Incidentally, upon seeing Cody, his mother said, â€Å"Would you like some snacks? † Cody just nodded, apparently still showing quite an angry face and mood. He got the chocolate bar and went back to watching television. Another similar scenario occurred, wherein he was irritated by the call of his mother even though she just offered him some juice. Observer Response In the context of classical conditioning (CC), a primary or unconditioned stimuli (US) and the secondary or conditioned stimuli (CS) are both defined as vital parts of the learning process. In relation to these, the conditional response (CR) and unconditional response (UR) are of course also present. The primary or unconditioned stimulus is the events of scolding of his mother. The unconditional response, as a result, is the hostility and anger that Cody expresses during these scolding events. Due to the fact that such events occur at quite an often interval, Cody was observed to exhibit the same reactions towards his mother that he expresses during scolding events, even if such events are not yet occurring. For instance, hostility and anger are exhibited even at times when Cody simply hears the voice of his mother. Thus, the secondary or conditioned stimulus is the voice of his mother. Although definitely related to the events wherein he is reprimanded, it does not necessarily mean that each time his mother calls him, he would get yelled at. This is well understood during the events wherein even though his mother did not reprimand him, upon hearing her voice, Cody entered quite an aggressive state. It is also worthy to note that even though Cody accepted both offers of refreshments, he never shifted to a more pleasant outlook. The presence of a consistent expression of irritation upon hearing his mother’s voice regardless of reason has become a conditional response in this case. Since the response, which involves signs of anger and related emotions, is exhibited regardless of the unconditional stimuli, which are basically the scolding events, it can then be inferred that CC occurred. Also, it is important to keep in mind that the neutral stimulus, his mother’s voice, has completely become the CS, which further proves the presence of CC. Opinion CC, otherwise known as Pavlovian conditioning, is considered to be one of the pioneer concepts of learning. Currently however, it has definitely lost much of its appeal upon the conceptualization of operant conditioning, which serves a more common role and purpose in society as it is seen to be more applicable in general. Usually viewed for its applications on animals, CC was actually developed from experiments using a dog; thus, the way of thinking regarding CC is rather understandable. The real reason as to why it is considered more for training animals is that animals commonly have a noncomplex method of thinking. This suggests that due to the complex ability and capability of human reasoning, CC is not that effective. Even with the points stated, it is still undeniable that humans are capable of being affected with CC. As with the observed trend in the emotional state of Cody, by simply hearing the voice of his mother, it seems that CC occurs at more common scenarios than usually thought. Although there is a possibility for Cody to think about the fact that hearing his mothers voice does not always result in negative scenarios, his frequent exposure to such seems to have caused him to react to it in a fixed manner. Therefore, even though mainly associated with zoological applications as stated, the CC theory still holds true even for humans for certain cases and is probably manifested through various emotional responses in more common ways than usually considered. How to cite Behavior Observation Report, Essays

Interpersonal and E Communication Social Media

Question: Discuss about the Interpersonal and E Communicationfor Social Media. Answer: Introduction Communication is the basic and integral part of every business towards conveying most important information to the customers regarding their products and services Gensler et al. (2013). The study will highlight the impact of social media on contemporary business communication. Apart from that, the study will describe the impact of social media on contemporary business through the example of one suitable business organization. Furthermore, the study will also demonstrate some examples through which the organization utilizes social media channels in their business. Discussion Business communication is an extremely vital pathway for communicating important business information among the internal as well as external stakeholders of an organization. The prime intension behind business communication is to promote the value of the product and services for getting commercial benefits out of it (Huang, Baptista and Galliers 2013). Moreover, business communication involves constant flow of information and mutual exchange of understanding generated from the receiver. Tradition form of business communication was completely different from that of todays business communication. There for less tough of digitalization in the communication vital information to the audience groups. As per Paniagua and Sapena (2014) traditional business information used to be communicated mostly through billboards, publications, face-to-face communication, television and radio. Moreover, Trainor et al. (2014) opined that such traditional business communication channels were very limited t o reach at the target audiences. Furthermore, earlier business organizations often used to fail in communicating the right information to the right person within right time. Over the last 20 years, business communication has taken a new shape and form for delivering business information. Recent form of business communication is completely different from earlier business communication (Baptista and Newell 2015). Moreover, todays business communication is all embraced with advanced technology and intended to communicate with the customers more personally (Wagner, Vollmar and Wagner 2014). The emerging needs of competitive advantage and tough market competition have raised the needs of speed in communicating business information. Promptness in business communication can better help in beating the marker competition (Gensler et al. 2013). With the emerging needs of the businesses towards establishing personal relationship with the customers, the organizations are more inclined to search for personal information of the customers in the internet (Aral, Dellarocas and Godes 2013). In such extent, social media has gained extreme popularity in the recent business communication. Ngai, Tao and Moon (2015) opined that social medial has provides the business an opportunity towards understanding the customers more personally. The contemporary businesses are more capable of interacting with the customers for understanding and identifying their dynamic needs and demands. Apart from that, the contemporary organizations, which have global businesses, have obvious needs for reaching timely information to the global customers for gaining competitive advantage (Treem and Leonardi 2013). In this extent, social medial is quite helpful in interacting with the global customers more intensely. Social has become a fundamental part of every people and it is associated with the daily lives of the people. In this way, organizations can reach to wide customer base in fraction of second through the usage of social media. In this way, social media assists in expanding the customer base of the organizations. Furthermore, Hajli (2014) opined that social media helps the contemporary businesses to towards beyond mere information exchange. Through social media channels like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram, the customers can share their preferred images and videos regarding the specific products and services. In this way, the contemporary businesses are quite capable of understanding the customer perspective regarding their products and services (Wagner, Vollmar and Wagner 2014). Hennig-Thurau, Hofacker and Bloching (2013) pointed out that customers can also freely provide their feedbacks regarding their experience about the specific products and services. Moreover, social media channels have become effective interactive communication medium for the contemporary businesses. Therefore, it becomes quite easy for the organizations to modify their products and services as the needs of the customers. In this way, the contemporary business organizations are more capable of gaining competitive edge over the rivals through unique touch in their products and services (Goh, Heng and Lin 2013). Being highly interactive in nature, the social media channels assists in better promotion of products and services of the organizations. As per Huang, Baptista and Newell (2015), customers can share important information, links and images of their preferred products and services through social media channels. Customers often recommend their preferred products and services to their closed ones through social media channels. In this way, social media facilitates in enhancing electronic word of mouth for the products and services. Moreover, electronic word of mouth actually minimizes the expensive advertising cost of the contemporary businesses (Rishika et al. 2013). In this highly competitive business environment, contemporary business organizations face tough challenges towards maintaining the speed in business communication. It is mostly a challenge for the global businesses towards providing right information to the global customers in right time. According to Yu, Duan and Cao (2013), social media is the perfect medium for these contemporary businesses towards reaching at the global customers in shortest period of time. On the other hand, Jiang, Luo and Kulemeka (2016) argued that contemporary business organizations have no control over the communication with the customers. Moreover, the negative feedback posted by the customers in the social media channels can destroy the image of products and services to wide range of customers. With the globalized nature in contemporary businesses, the organizations are to manage global teams with decentralized management approach. In this way, recent business organizations often face the issues of employee engagement in global basis. Braojos-Gomez, Benitez-Amado and Llorens-Montes (2015) pointed out that social media platform can be quite helpful for the organization towards building effective networks of employees. Moreover, the employees can effectively share vital organizational information among each other, which develops employee bonding and engagement. However, Yadav and Rahman (2017) opined that in some situation, employees either intentionally or unintentionally share some confidential information of the organization through social media, which was not actually intended to communicate. In this way, social media can sometimes lead to security breaches for the organizations. Contemporary organizations are getting highly diversified in nature and marinating multiple business units simultaneously. In such situation, the organizations often face challenges in maintaining personal relationship with the customers in different business units. According to Goh, Heng and Lin (2013), social media channels are extremely helpful in identifying the customers issues and obligations. Therefore, the organizations can maintain long lasting customer relationship through prompt solution to their issues. However, Rishika et al. (2013) opined that social media offers zero cost per interaction with the customers. In this way, the web is now getting increasing numbers of spam and irrelevant information. Therefore, the organizations are facing extreme challenges in communicating informative messages to the target customers within effective time. Dominos Australia can be considered as the suitable example, which relies on extensive usage of social media for its business communication. The organization often post interactive and attractive videos and images regarding their food products through Facebook, YouTube and Instragram (Taneja and Toombs 2014). Apart from interactive videos and images, the organization also shares vital information regarding the quality of the products. In this way, the organization can better promote their products to wide range of customers. Furthermore, the positive feedback posted by the customers on social media has enhanced the positive word-of-mouth regarding the products (Huang, Baptista and Newell 2015). In this way, it has increased the customer attraction capability of the organization, which has increased its sales volume. Dominos Australia also offers attractive discounts and coupons in its Facebook and Twitter account. It facilitates the customers towards getting useful and attractive information about the products in regards to product offerings (Jiang, Luo and Kulemeka 2016). In this way, the social media assists this organization towards enhancing the loyalty level of the customers. Through social media platform also fosters strong customer relationship for Dominos Australia. Moreover, the organization involves the customers in the business decision making through social media platform. The organization asks customers regarding their experience with the pizzas. Furthermore, as per the customer experience, the organization often makes modification on their products. In this way, the customized tough in the products can help the organization to create competitive advantage over the rivals (Yadav and Rahman 2017). Apart from that, it also helps the organization towards enhancing customer loyalty through enhanced customer value. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said social media is highly influential on contemporary businesses. Apart from just sharing the product information, the social media platform also helps in interactive communication with the customers. In competitive business market, there is an emerging need of the organization to create competitive advantage through timely sharing of information with the customers. In such extent, the social media is quite helpful for the organization towards sharing timely information with the customers within shortest period of time. Dominos Australia effectively use social media platform for gaining competitive edge over its rivals. Moreover, the customer interaction through the usage of Facebook, Twitter and Instragram helps in enhancing customer loyalty. Reference List Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. and Godes, D., 2013. Introduction to the special issuesocial media and business transformation: a framework for research.Information Systems Research,24(1), pp.3-13. Braojos-Gomez, J., Benitez-Amado, J. and Llorens-Montes, F.J., 2015. How do small firms learn to develop a social media competence?.International Journal of Information Management,35(4), pp.443-458. Gensler, S., Vlckner, F., Liu-Thompkins, Y. and Wiertz, C., 2013. Managing brands in the social media environment.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.242-256. Goh, K.Y., Heng, C.S. and Lin, Z., 2013. Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content.Information Systems Research,24(1), pp.88-107. Hajli, M.N., 2014. A study of the impact of social media on consumers.International Journal of Market Research,56(3), pp.387-404. Hennig-Thurau, T., Hofacker, C.F. and Bloching, B., 2013. Marketing the pinball way: understanding how social media change the generation of value for consumers and companies.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.237-241. Huang, J., Baptista, J. and Galliers, R.D., 2013. 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The effect of customers' social media participation on customer visit frequency and profitability: an empirical investigation.Information systems research,24(1), pp.108-127. Taneja, S. and Toombs, L., 2014. Putting a face on small businesses: Visibility, viability, and sustainability the impact of social media on small business marketing.Academy of Marketing Studies Journal,18(1), p.249. Trainor, K.J., Andzulis, J.M., Rapp, A. and Agnihotri, R., 2014. Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance: A capabilities-based examination of social CRM.Journal of Business Research,67(6), pp.1201-1208. Treem, J.W. and Leonardi, P.M., 2013. Social media use in organizations: Exploring the affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association.Annals of the International Communication Association,36(1), pp.143-189. Wagner, D., Vollmar, G. and Wagner, H.T., 2014. The impact of information technology on knowledge creation: An affordance approach to social media.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,27(1), pp.31-44. Yadav, M. and Rahman, Z., 2017. Social media marketing: literature review and future research directions.International Journal of Business Information Systems,25(2), pp.213-240. Yu, Y., Duan, W. and Cao, Q., 2013. The impact of social and conventional media on firm equity value: A sentiment analysis approach.Decision Support Systems,55(4), pp.919-926.

Who Is I Essays - English-language Films, John Galt, Libertarianism

Who Is I? Ayn Rand Tiffany Hohmann 2nd Johnston 5/11/2000 Who Is I? In Atlas Shrugged, Ayn Rand provides a well-written explanation of objectivism in a monumental novel about those who hold the world on their shoulders. Her characters are a myriad of individuals, ranging from the highest achievement possible: a human, to one of the most horrid creatures on this planet: a once-human imbecile. She gives the reader insight into the psyche of society and the motivations behind our actions. In this novel, Rand's most righteous characters are those with the most internal conflict. They must shed their conditioning that has been imposed on them by the earth's people and leave behind what they value as most precious. There is one character that is held higher than the rest. A man of morality, introspection, and enigma, he begins the book and finishes it. So, who is John Galt? John Galt is Rand's brilliant character that blends imagination and intelligence. John Galt can be described as having the same opinion on life that Henry David Thoreau does. They both believe you shouldn't carry the world on your shoulders; they realize that in fact by giving things to the needy (Rand would use the word unworthy) you aren't enabling them to become better people, but merely allowing them o feed off of other's success. Their opinions differ in that Thoreau had good intentions for all and Galt is only interested in the very best for the competent and likes the idea of leaving saps in the dust. Galt brings Atlas's people from the earth into their Olympus, Galt's Gulch. There, these remarkable competent people are able to create their own utopia of industry and live without the weight of the earth's incompetents. He, like Dagny Taggart, Francisco d'Anconia, and Henry Reardon, is a person of high ideals and standards. He values the dollar because he knows that the dollar is the highest commodity of respect a human can give to another's ability. The actual sign of the dollar is the symbol of its country's initials: for the United States, "the only country in history where wealth was not acquired by looting, but by production, not by force, but by trade... The symbol of man's right to his own mind, to his work, to his life, to his happiness, to himself" (Atlas Shrugged, 637). It is the country that draws men like John Galt, Henry Reardon, and Francisco d'Anconia. These men use it as a symbol of themselves and of their quest, evident on everything they produce. Galt's ability is what is needed by those of the earth in order to keep them elevated in the universe. What would happen if all these industrialists shrugged the world's expectations off their shoulders? Rand answers this. Because Galt, like the rest of Atlas's people, has a passion for his work and moralistic code, he is torn by this love of industry and his idealistic hope for the future of the world. A new world without looters and moochers that can begin again with Atlas's people populating and driving it. In order to leave behind the old world and begin anew, he must stop the motor of the world; he must destroy it. He must do two things: understand the looters' moralistic code and annihilate all he holds dear in a calculating manner. To do this, he recruits his two best friends: Francisco d'Anconia and Ragner Danneskjold. These three prodigies, the "Climax of the d'Anconias," the "golden-haired pirate," and the "Face without Pain or Fear or Guilt," would lead the rebellion to destroy all that is most important in order to save it from those who would ruin and plunder it. Galt is very determined. So determined that he is able to abandon his most ingenious achievement, a motor than runs on static el ectricity, and desist from working. When he does this, he eliminates the possibility for the motor to run a world where there is no cause of movement. He unravels the secret to the world's destruction. Besides having to choose between his love of industry and his love of the future, Galt faces another predicament: his love for Dagny Taggart. She is the only woman Francisco d'Anconia and Henry Reardon ever loved. She

Popular Products That Originated From Christmas

Popular Products That Originated From Christmas Christmas is filled with traditions and unique decorations not seen throughout the rest of the year. Many Christmas favorites also have nonreligious roots. Here is the origin of many well-known Christmas items. Christmas Tinsel Around 1610, tinsel was first invented in Germany made from genuine silver. Machines were invented that shredded silver into thin, tinsel-sized strips. Silver tinsel tarnishes and loses its shine with time, so artificial replacements were eventually invented. Candy Canes The origin of the candy cane goes back over 350 years when candy-makers both professional and amateur were making hard sugar sticks. The original candy was straight and completely white in color. Artificial Christmas Trees Towards the end of the 1800s, another variation of the traditional Christmas tree appeared: the artificial Christmas tree. Artificial trees originated in Germany. Metal wire trees were covered with goose, turkey, ostrich or swan feathers. The feathers were often died green to imitate pine needles. In the 1930s, the Addis Brush Company created the first artificial-brush trees, using the same machinery that made their toilet brushes! The Addis Silver Pine tree was patented in 1950. The Christmas tree was designed to have a revolving light source under it and colored gels allowed the light to shine in different shades as it revolved under the tree. History of Christmas Tree Lights Learn about the history of Christmas tree lights: from candles to inventor Albert Sadacca, who was 15 in 1917 when he first got the idea to make safe Christmas tree lights. Christmas Cards Englishman John Calcott Horsley popularized the tradition of sending Christmas greeting cards, in the 1830s. Christmas Snowman Yes, the snowman was invented, many times over. Enjoy these whimsical pictures of snowman inventions. They are from actual patents and trademarks. There are also a number of snowmen designs seen on Christmas trees and ornaments. Christmas Sweaters Knitted sweaters have been around a very long time, however, there is one certain type of sweater that delights us all during the holiday season. With lots of red and green colors, and reindeer, Santa, and snowman decorations, the Christmas sweater is both loved and even despised by many. History of Christmas On December 25, Christians traditionally celebrate the birth of Christ. The origins of the holiday are uncertain, however by the year 336, the Christian church in Rome observed the Feast of the Nativity (birth) on December 25. Christmas also coincided with the winter solstice and the Roman Festival of Saturnalia. While Christmas is a centuries-old tradition, it was never an official American national holiday until 1870. The House and Senate passed a bill introduced by Rep. Burton Chauncey Cook of Illinois that proposed making Christmas a national holiday. President Ulysses S. Grant signed the bill on June 28, 1870.

Larry King - a King of the American TV and Radio Broadcasting Research Paper

Larry King - a King of the American TV and Radio Broadcasting - Research Paper Example Larry King’s first show with CNN was initiated in June 1985. He hosted a number of controversial personalities on his shows which essentially made the Larry King Live a unique show in its own right. As far as his conducting of the show was concerned, he had a very direct and non-confrontational approach. He allowed the guests to speak their mind and thus allow them to get their message to their intended audience without any hindrances whatsoever. The guests felt special being on his show, which is indeed a positive if seen within the related settings of the Larry King Live show. He asked easy, open-ended questions which made him an instant hit with his guests. Also, the audience enjoyed the cozy dialogue between Larry King himself and the guests present on the show (Farha 2001). As far as his interview style is concerned, frankness is one word that comes to mind. He was vivid and very clear on his topic, and thus the reason why he was always prepared on his show. He had the exact idea as to how to prepare himself for the show and what kind of subject he was studying before sitting in front of the guest. There were occasional bursts of humor embedded in his conversation with the guests. His approach was very welcoming for those guests who usually avoided any interviews. Even though he was known for his lack of pre-preparation of the interview, he had solid knowledge at hand. Much appreciation goes on his shoulders because people appreciate him for what he did and what kind of atmosphere he created in the studios. A number of guests felt emotional within his show and started to weep. There seems to be an emotional bonding of Larry King with his guests and thus the reason why his guests understood that Larry King is one man who can be considerate enough and can understand what they are saying. CNN’s online biography suggests that Larry King conducted nearly 40,000 interviews during his career.  

Self-Evaluation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Self-Evaluation Paper - Essay Example However, this way of solving dispute has been criticized for being expensive, time-consuming, and in some cases leading to unfair and unjust outcomes regarding particular cases (Frenkel and James 22). As a result, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms have been devised in order to provide an economical, quicker and a more just and fair outcomes to parties in dispute. Mediation is one of the main alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Mediation is a confidential and voluntary type of alternative dispute resolution. This method involves an impartial and independent person(s) who helps two or more parties to reach a solution over a dispute which is acceptable to all the parties. It may involve talking to the parties separately or together. Often, mediators do not make judgments, instead they ask questions in an attempt to unravel underlying problems relating to the dispute, help the parties in understanding issues and clarifying the alternatives for resolution of their dispute ( Goodman 51). Principles of Mediation Being a critical alternative dispute resolution mechanism, mediation is guided by a number of principles that ensures that it achieves its objectives effectively. There are five principles of mediation which are generally- recognized that guides the mediation process. However, it should be noted that there are more other elements or principles that have been incorporated, but in a broader sense they still fall under the five which are generally- recognizable (Frenkel and James 46). The first principle is the principle of informed consent that requires that prior to consenting participation in mediation, the parties in dispute should be informed about their legal options and rights, as well about the mediation process (Wall and Dunne 217-8). The second principle is that of voluntariness which requires that mediation process should be voluntary and that parties should enter into it freely and in any outcome resulting from the process. The parties a re also free to end their participation in the process at any time. The third principle is that of confidentiality which seeks to make parties aware that the process is confidential. This enables them to freely explore options and speak without fear that their communications in the process might be used against them. Also, confidentiality enables a party in dispute to request that particular information disclosed to the mediator not to be shared with the other parties (Frenkel and James 49). In addition, impartiality is a mediation principle which dictates that the parties are entitled to impartial and fair process involving an impartial and neutral mediator. The final principle is that of self-determination that requires that the parties and not the mediator to define the scope of issues to be addressed at mediation, and that the parties will determine the mediation’s outcome or results (Goodman 105-6). In order to understand the concept of mediation clearly and better, this self- evaluation paper will; consider the evaluation of my performance as a mediator. The paper will include the agreement reached by the parties and discuss the lessons learnt from the process that are deemed to be helpful for the future. I acted as a mediator between these two parties: Sammy Atwater (Plaintiff) and James

Causes Of Global Health Issues

Causes Of Global Health Issues Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the so called HIV, is still one of the most influential global health issues. According to the investigations of WHO (2011), it is estimated that approximately 34 million people were infected and 25 million people died because of HIV and related diseases. However, the numbers are still increased by 2.7 million of the newly affected and 1.8 million of death per year (Averting HIV and AIDS, n.d.). The hardest hit area is sub-Saharan Africa, where about one of twenty adults are HIV positive (WHO, 2012). It is the highest number among all the countries. Moreover, Central Asia and Eastern Europe are where the epidemic of HIV spreads fast as well (Averting HIV and AIDS, n.d.). Despite of the developing countries, HIV is still a major problem for the developed countries. It is reported by Averting HIV and AIDS (n.d.), that the United State is accounting for one million HIV infections of the total number and in the UK, the rate of new cases of HIV is still risin g. The figures show that HIV continues to be a serious global health issue and there are numbers of factors to causing it. This essay will discuss the causes that are related to HIV, namely the economy, the politics, the environment and the society and it will suggest how they can be solved. The economic factors, such as: the poverty in low- and middle-income countries and the economic crisis in the donor countries which are related to HIV differ from country to country. First, the poverty in poor countries contributes to the lack of money for the health care system which results in unsafe blood transfusion and shortage of antiretroviral drugs, which then leads to rise in both infection and death rates. According to the World Health Organization (2011), only 48% of blood supplies in low- and middle-income countries have done the screening practices in 2009. In India, one of the risk factors leading to HIV infection is infected blood transfusion (Narain et al, 1994). Furthermore, unsafe blood transfusion because of a lack of blood quality test is the second large problem which leads to HIV infection in Asia (Brown Mulhall Sittitrai, 1994). In addition, antiretroviral medicines in 38% of middle and low income countries was out of stock for a while in 2009 (WHO, 2011). Se cond, the economic crisis in the donor countries leads to the decrease of funding for HIV. Meanwhile, the worlds need is increasing and most of the global funding comes from donor countries. Therefore, the world infection and death rates rise. It is reported by World Health Organization (2011) that the financing of HIV programs increased from 1600 million US dollar in 2001 to 15 900 million US dollar in 2009. However, due to the economic crisis, the donor countries such as the USA reduce the donations by large companies and foundations (USAID, 2009). Although, the economic impacts on HIV are different for countries of different economic levels, the consequences of these are similar and need to be solved. In terms of the individual level, the economic causes to HIV are also different, for example, sex for money for poor people and sex tourism for wealthy people. First, the low incomes use their bodies for money or support which significantly increases the rate of HIV infection. According to Brown (2004), some girls in Sub-Saharan Africa earn money by selling their bodies which is known as survival sex. It is reported by Averting HIV and AIDS (n.d.) that sex workers have high rate of becoming HIV positive in different countries, usually higher than other people. Moreover, in parts of Asia, many sex workers are HIV positive, and this is connected to HIV epidemic (Averting HIV and AIDS, n.d.). In spite of the high infecting possibility, they cannot afford the expensive medical treatment once they are infected. Finally, some rich people spend holiday in countries which have HIV epidemic which intensifying their possibility of HIV infection. According to UNAIDS (2010), about 50% of the peo ple who are newly infected with HIV are accounted by heterosexual transmission in Central Europe are infected abroad. Tourists are huge clients of Caribbeans sex industry (Averting HIV and AIDS, n.d.). Another risk factor that influences the infection rate among rich people is that they are more likely to have multiple sex partners. It is put forward by Johnson and Budlender (2002) that people who earn more are more likely to obtain multiple sex partners which increase the possibility they can get HIV. However, this situation is hardly to deal with because every society has poor people, regardless of developing or developed countries, while rich people are difficult to limit their behaviour. Along with the economic causes, there are also a number of political factors attributed to HIV transition. One of the political problems making the HIV became a global disease is the loophole in the government policies, causing many people from developing countries move into the host countries. Although there are many laws, for example, the congress in the U.S passed a quota with enormous effect on people from Asian, Russia, and Europe (Whitman, n.d.). These laws have been set up to protect people who live in some countries having a large number of expatriates or immigrants, and the AIDS carriers play an important role in the transmission of HIV (Whitman, n.d.). In term of a research, in Canadas immigrant policy, there are enormous loopholes which can be used by many bogus refugees who carry the HIV virus to get into Canada (Dirks, 2006). For example, of the delegates to the AIDS conference who have claimed refugee status, it is known that at least one of those, a delegate from Eritr ea, is infected with the HIV virus and has already started treatment in Toronto and his situation will not prevent him from being accepted if the IRB, Canadas largest independent administrative tribunal, finds him to be a refugee (Dirks, 2006). This means that the loophole in the government policies can make people feel disappointed with the government. It is shown that government should take measures instantly. Another example caused by the governments carelessness is the illegal Mexican and Central American immigrants. According to Wagner and Amato (2010), in spite of the number of Central American migrants crossing Mexico to reach the United States has decline almost 70 percent over the last five years, it does not show that is an optimistic condition, however, the local government does nothing, although they were aware of this outcome. This shows the governments need to restrict the illegal immigrants. Another political factor is the lack of political control of blood transmission. For example, governments in developing countries do not pay attention to the safety measures and disinfections in the hospitals. This means many people can easily get infected by sharing syringes or using dirty needles. According of a WHO (2000), there are 21 million hepatitis B injection, 2 million hepatitis C injections and 260,000 HIV cases caused by reuse of syringes. In addition, people in some communities, do not know about the risk given by the re-use needle. Government should apply strict control on the hospitals. In Russia, the government uses some political force to protect people. Russian government should do much more to prevent the spread of HIV among an estimated two million drug users (Galpin, 2009). It is believed that there are 1 million people getting HIV by sharing the needles (Galpin, 2009). Although the chief medical official of Russia admits the epidemic coming from the HIV and insi sts it is not the legal loophole, the disease spreads because the lack of the governments control. This proves that the governments need to make the law firmer and strengthen the control. The other factor causing HIV is the psychological status. Psychological factors contribute to the spread of HIV among women. Women, especially in urban areas, experiencing some psychological health matters or traumatic events take up a high proportion of HIV transmission such as sexual behavior, injection drug use etc. Heavy psychological stress may result in unhealthy mental status. Women, who have been abused, are likely to suffer from mental diseases, for instance, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which may affect their behavior and attitude towards HIV (Sharp et al., 2008). For example, women who have personal traumatic experiences are more possible to have high risk sex that can enlarge the possibility of HIV infection (Sharp et al., 2008). It is also mentioned by Sharp S. et al. (2008) that there are more HIV infected people among individuals who have traumas before than normal people. That means some individuals who are infected HIV are frantic and they are not aware the c onsequences. Due to this behavior, they will probably become HIV infected and transmit the virus to others. In Canada, about 42% women have HIV by injecting drugs, and in America the rate is 19% (Sharp et al., 2008). However, the Canadian aboriginals not only use drugs themselves, but also contract HIV from their sexual patterns who injecting drugs (Sharp et al., 2008). In summary, women who have psychological matters need to be treated and informed about the risks or the illness. Moreover, chronic anxiety, panic, stress and depression can lead to injure immunologic function which has an impact on HIV. These psychological diseases are harmful to peoples health. Mental stress increases the content of hormone cortisol, more cortisol in the body decline T cells rapidly. In the relation to this cortisol will increase 20-fold than normal period. This high level risk may result in dangerous infections and high rate of death. Some people have AIDS-phobia and they do not have medical checks and thus they are not aware of the fact they carry the virus. The symptoms of that type of phobia include weight loss, wasting, decrease T cells counts and other signs considered indicative AIDS. Professor Dorian also thinks that a beneficial psychological status can have a positive result for a disease (The Unhived Mind Website, 2006). Above all, both psychological diseases and conditions can affect HIV, people in urban areas especially women have a high rate of infection. That me ans psychology has a significant effect on HIV. Facing the enormous pressure of mental aspects, HIV transmission can spread in short order because of people who have mental diseases lead to the proliferation of virus. There are also several problems need to be solved among social causes. Migration which is a society factor which causes harm, such as irregular sexual relations, poor living conditions and the virus spread by women whose husband left them. According to the UNAIDS (2010), the male migrant workers who were reported in Carletonville, a city in South Africa, only 5.4% of them have regular partners. The proportion of the male migrants who had at least one casual partner were over 50%, and there are 53% of the female migrants who have sex with strangers for money, so most migrant workers were often infected with HIV because of this kind of irregular relationship. People who changed the accommodation are three times more likely to contract HIV, (UNAIDS ¼Ã…’2010) .This means poverty causes frequent immigrations and then unreasonable sexual relations occur, in developed countries this cannot happen very often. Migrant workers usually do not have decent living conditions. They are incessan tly put in barracks and single-sex hostels to live, such as gold miners, as UNAIDS (2010) shows, 90% of the black employees are migrants and 89% of them live in single-sex hostels. This means that they have to leave their spouses or regular sexual partners. These people often engage in casual sexual relationship, so HIV is easier to spread in such conditions. Moreover, UNAIDS (2010) mentions that in many migrant couples. The female partner is continually HIV positive, so this means that women need more income when their husbands leave them and sex is an easier way to earn a living. Injecting drugs, involving into sex work and sexing between males are the causes of HIV wide spread, such as in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. About one quarter of 3.7 million of people who inject drugs live with AIDS virus because of sharing needles and poor injection quality. In the Russian Federation, more than 37% of drug users were deemed to have HIV (Johnson and Budlender, 2002). Injectors without disinfection often have residual blood and blood transmission is a simple way for next user to infect HIV. Drug users are constantly with irrational sexual relationships. A high HIV infection level is found in Ukraine because 14% to 31% of sex workers almost inject drugs at the same time (Johnson and Budlender, 2002). This leads to AIDS virus diffuse without difficulty. About 45% of people living with HIV in Ukraine were women until 2009, compared with 41% in 2004 and 37% in 1999 (Johnson and Budlender, 2002). This is a rapid growth and it is easy to know that there is not enough se nse of security and money for women. Urban men who have sex with men occupy more than 10% in twelve countries as well as Costa Rica. In Central America about 5.1% of them are infected with AIDS virus. In 23 European countries, the number of men who have sex with men from 2000 to 2006 increased by 86 % (Johnson and Budlender, 2002). This means the society becomes more equal and less discrimination, but all together necessary protection needs to be known to avoid infecting the virus. In conclusion, the factors that affect HIV infection exist in aspects which include the economy, the politic, the psychology and the society. In terms of economy, the causes differ between both countries and individuals. The poverty of individuals and countries, the decreasing donation due to the economic crisis and the sex tourism and multiple sex partners for wealthy people are the main points that are presented in the assignment. The possible way to solve these problems is to develop policies and laws to help the poor and restrict the rich. Political problems can also cause HIV become a global disease. Two important factors are the faultiness of immigrant policies and drug use without the governments controlling. Tons of observable facts show that the government in those countries should give more emphasis on this problem. Many people addicting in drug has been a new cause leading to HIV become the global disease. These all show that the government in those countries should give m ore emphasis on this problem. Psychological factors means that people have much pressure especially in urban areas. They have mental or other diseases which result in HIV directly. To solve this issue, people live under stress or have psychological diseases should relax themselves and attempt to avoid pressure. Last of all, migration, drugs and irregular sexual relationship for social aspect can cause HIV become a global issue, too. One solution for the government is to formulate policies to increase the employment rate. When people have jobs, they can get a more regular life and there will be less drug addicts. Another way is to strengthen the management of drug and educate people necessary knowledge about protecting themselves from HIV. Therefore, it can be concluded that HIV is a significant global health issue that needs to be deal with carefully and efficiently. Although it needs time to make a difference, both governments and individuals need to participate in the approach and be consistent to make progress in the future. Word count: 2576

The Letter from Birmingham Jail

â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† was written on April 16, 1963 by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. It was written in response to the objections of white southern men. This letter explains Martin Luther Kings’ actions and tries to clarify and explain his protest for desegregation was necessary and definitely not untimely. The letter explains why he was in jail, the wrongful acts against African Americans during the civil rights era, and the use of direct action to make a difference. Dr Kings’ letter stands as a modern classic of argumentation partially due to his use of Aristotle’s three rhetorical appeals: ethos, logos, and pathos.First of Aristotle’s three rhetorical appeals is ethos. Ethos is an appeal to the writer’s credibility. In Dr. Kings’ essay he used this appeal in this quote, â€Å"But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statement in w hat I hope will be patient and reasonable terms. † (p. 212). King felt it was necessary for non-violent approach to be taken sp that communication could open between the two races. Through non-violent action, crisis is formed and communities are forced to confront the issue.King strongly believed the situation needed to be discussed rather than left as it was. Aristotle’s second appeal is logos. Logos is the appeal to logic. Martin Luther King was an excellent speaker and appealed to the logical side of most people. His essay took his knowledge and his talent of persuasion and summed up what he was working for and what he believed in. In Kings speech he wrote this, â€Å"How does one determine whether a law is just or unjust? A law is a manmade code that squares with the moral law or law of god. An unjust law is a code out of harmony with the moral law. † (p. 215-216).He shows the difference between just and unjust appealing to the reader’s logical side. K ing believes that justice too long is justice denied. Freedom must be demanded by the oppressed because the oppressor never voluntarily gives it. Aristotle’s final rhetorical appeal is pathos. Pathos is the appeal to the reader’s emotion. In Kings Letter he wrote this, â€Å"†¦when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she cant go to the amusement part that has just been advertised on television, and tears welling up in her eyes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 215).This quote really tugs on the reader’s emotions as he/she can visualize the little girl starting to cry. King’s letter was intended to erase the â€Å"clouds of racial prejudice† and bring some understanding of brotherhood to the communities throughout the Unites States. It is very difficult for a parent to have to tell their child they cannot do something because of the color of their skin. It is a shame that we were so hateful and small minded in the past, and all the suffering that had to happen before we finally realized that something so small as the color of your skin doesn’t determine what kind of person someone is.King believes the message of integration is universal and anyone who lives in the United States cannot be considered an outsider regardless of race, color, religion, or creed. In â€Å"The Letter from Birmingham Jail† King used all three of Aristotle’s rhetorical appeals for classical argument. King used ethos to appeal to the writer’s credibility; logos to appeal to the writer’s logic; and pathos to appeal to the writer’s emotion. Martin Luther King’s goals have been met, but only to some extent.This writer views his letter as an influential part of history and a dramatic event that changes the Civil Rights Movement for the better. There is still hatred by some and fear which fuels hatred by others. Letter from Birmingham J ail attempts to make racist people understand King’s urge for desegregation. He demonstrates the purpose behind the protest and it’s urgency by various examples throughout the letter. It’s just so unfortunate that still today we have such small minded people even after Dr. Kings powerful letter.

Owning a Small Business Essay

1.Sole proprietorship – Provide an example of a sole proprietorship in your town or community. What might be some advantages to owning this business? What are some of the biggest challenges that the owner likely faces? †¢Subway is the business that is a sole proprietorship in my town. The advantages of owning this business would be I is a low cost to start the business up and it is continually ranked the number one Franchise. The owner likely faces running out of the topping they use to make the sandwiches with or not having enough dough for the bread. 2.Partnership – Provide an example of a partnership in your town or community. What are the advantages to this form of business organization? What might be some challenges of being a partner in a partnership? †¢Keller Williams is the business that is the partnership that is in my town. The advantages of owning a real estate business like Keller Williams would be the business could be one of the largest real estate franchise companies in the United States. The company will also keep growing with the more houses you sell and rent to people. The company also provides specialized agents in luxury homes and commercial real estate properties. Some challenges could be that your partner isn’t a good partner and hides things from you or that they just want to do things on their own and ruin the business that you guys own together. 3.Corporation – Provide an example of a corporation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this form of business? How do the challenges compare to those of sole proprietorships and partnerships? †¢Summit Mountain is the corporation that is located in the town that I live in. The advantages of owning a business like this is that you get to live in the snow and you also get the snowboard ski and mountain bike for free. You also get the most beautiful views in Big Bear. You also get the chance to meet all kinds of people from all around the world. All the states and different cultures. The advantages of owning a business like this is that you get offered self-employment tax savings have a continuous life, limited liability, more money for investment and it also makes raising money easier. The disadvantages are extensive paperwork, double taxation, two tax returns, the size of the business, possible conflict with stockholders and board of directors. References †¢http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/Own_a_Franchise/default.aspx †¢http://www.kw.com/kw/aboutus.html †¢http://www.pe.com/local-news/local-news-headlines/20130705-big-bear-snow-summit-is-on-the-market.ece †¢http://www.legalzoom.com/incorporation-guide/reasons-to-form-corporation.html †¢http://faculty.valenciacollege.edu/srusso/ch5.htm

Technology, a Tool for Liberation or Enslavement

In this day and age technology is an everyday aspect of most people’s lives, which many people view this as a great thing, but little do they know that the technology that they cherish so much can and in many cases is being used to control their lives. What people do not know is that the government is able to use the information they collect in any way they choose without any knowledge, with this power, comes a great responsibility. Foreign governments have tighter grasp on their country’s internet usage which some may see as an irresponsible use of this responsibility, which in turn enslaves their people by cutting them off from the outside world. The media also plays a large role in controlling what information reaches the public. This practice is harmful to the intellectual integrity of society as a whole, since the media focuses more on celebrities than they do on important issues. Overall, the creation of newer and better technology has helped society, but how long will it be until it can be used as a weapon to spy on citizens worldwide? Globally, many country’s governments are taking the initial steps towards controlling most, if not all, information possessed by the citizens. By allowing the government to control the citizen’s access to information, society is allowing itself to be controlled. The use of technology and different monitoring systems is a controversial topic, and in many cases giving the government too much power can have more negatives than positives,Show MoreRelatedLiberation, Rebellion, and Relevance2471 Words   |  10 PagesLiberation, Rebellion and Relevance In â€Å"The Rebel an essay on man in revolt,† Albert Camus (1956) muses on the absurd origins of rebellion and art and their significance to the individual and society. 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