Comprehensive Australian Programme of Law Reform Essay

Far reaching Australian Program of Law Reform - Essay Example This move has been equipped towards guaranteeing that the extent of potential obligation is limited, for instance through the restricting of individual obligation borne by clinical professionals who offer help to those individuals at a higher danger of injury or who need crisis clinical assistance; and decreasing the harms that might be granted in such cases in order to bind the presentation of financiers with the goal that they might give better and progressively reasonable spread to the individuals who need it. One significant component to bring up at this stage is the way that a large portion of these changes really contrasted with the suggestions set forward by the IPP Committee Report, which was agreeable to national and uniform law reaction to the ward emergency on instances of obligation, carelessness and grant of harms (Ellison, 2005). Without a doubt different governments that have come up since 2002 have attempted to institute and actualize law changes that tended to risk, carelessness, and harms. ... 2.0 The law changes 2.1 Establishing risk The obligation laws mull over the custom-based law and resolutions of administrative and states governments. In these arrangements, an individual who is harmed or has endured a misfortune or in any case brought about harm may establish an activity focused on remuneration based on the tort of custom-based law of carelessness that depends on deficiency; break of agreement; and penetrate of the arrangements specified in the Australian Consumer Law that was affected in 2011 that supplanted arrangements of the Federal Trade Practices Act 1974 identifying with item obligation and security of produce. In building up the obligation of an individual in tort, the issue of predictability becomes possibly the most important factor. An individual has an obligation of care to someone else according to the law of tort. The litigant had a case to reply in the event that he was in a situation to find ahead of time sensibly, that the harmed individual would en dure misfortune or was in danger of doing as such however the respondent neglected to make fundamental preventive move (Australian Government Treasury; 2002; 2004; Harlow, 2005). This part of contributory carelessness is contained two segments to be specific the predictability of hazard identifying with hurt and a computation of the degree of carelessness additionally called the ‘negligence calculus’. In view of the above arrangements, an individual is liberated from obligation for neglecting to play it safe if the hazard being referred to is unforeseeable and can be built up as being so. To know whether a hazard is predictable or not, it is given that such a hazard ought not be so plausible to a degree that any sensible individual or somebody in their normal faculties would overlook it (Trowbridge and Deloitte, 2002). Having just settled the part of

Management by Objectives Essays

The board by Objectives Essays The board by Objectives Essay The board by Objectives Essay For what reason should associations take part in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require moderately unpredictable and thorough HR arranging frameworks than isn't that right? Talk about. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The progressing procedure of deliberate wanting to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most significant resource is HR office. The goal of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among workers and occupations, while dodging labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are anticipating work request, dissecting present work flexibly, and adjusting anticipated work request and gracefully. The executives by Objectives (MBO) strategy includes defining explicit quantifiable objectives with every worker and afterward intermittently surveying the advancement made. Focal points: 1. It sets destinations that are quantifiable and quantifiable. 2. It remembers the worker interest for objective-setting process. 3. It additionally includes employee’s dynamic investment in building up the activity plan. . It gives a chance to administrator and worker to talk about advance and adjust goals when vital. Disservices: 1. It is tedious. 2. It might bring about a back-and-forth or forward and backward conversations among chief and worker for setting the goals, activity plan and so on. Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) is an examination strategy that consolidates the advantages of account basic occurr ences and quantitative appraisals. Favorable circumstances: 1. It is a moderately progressively precise technique for measure. 2. It has clear characterized measures. 3. It helps in giving explicit valuable criticism to representatives. 4. It is autonomous of measurements and a reliable strategy for examination. 5. It is created through dynamic cooperation of the two administrators and occupation officeholders. 6. It has a more prominent possibility of acknowledgment as the two directors and officeholders are associated with its turn of events. Burdens: 1. It requires some investment and duty to create. 2. There are independent structures that must be created for various employments. Q3. Clarify the rising patterns in Human Resource Management and talk about the significance of innovation on human asset work. Outline your answer with models. Q4. For what reason should associations participate in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require generally mind boggling and thorough HR arranging frameworks than isn't that right? Talk about. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The continuous procedure of deliberate wanting to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most significant resource is HR office. The target of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among workers and occupations, while evading labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are guaging work request, breaking down present work gracefully, and adjusting anticipated work request and flexibly. The executives by Objectives (MBO) strategy includes defining explicit quantifiable objectives with every worker and afterward occasionally surveying the advancement made. Points of interest: 1. It sets goals that are quantifiable and quantifiable. 2. It remembers the worker support for objective-setting process. 3. It additionally includes employee’s dynamic investment in building up the activity plan. 4. It gives a chance to director and representative to talk about advance and adjust destinations when fundamental. Hindrances: 1. It is tedious. 2. It might bring about a back-and-forth or forward and backward conversations among chief and representative for setting the targets, activity plan and so forth. Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) is an examination strategy that consolidates the advantages of account basic occurrences and quantitative evaluations. Points of interest: 1. It is a generally progressively exact technique for measure. 2. It has clear characterized gauges. 3. It helps in giving explicit productive criticism to workers. 4. It is autonomous of measurements and a predictable technique for examination. 5. It is created through dynamic support of the two administrators and employment occupants. 6. It has a more prominent possibility of acknowledgment as the two administrators and occupants are associated with its turn of events. Detriments: 1. It requires some investment and promise to create. . There are isolated structures that must be produced for various occupations. Q3. Clarify the developing patterns in Human Resource Management and examine the significance of innovation on human asset work. Represent your answer with models. Q4. For what reason should associations take part in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require moderately mind boggling and extensive HR arranging frameworks than isn't that r ight? Examine. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The continuous procedure of precise wanting to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most important resource is HR division. The goal of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among workers and occupations, while maintaining a strategic distance from labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are anticipating work request, dissecting present work gracefully, and adjusting anticipated work request and flexibly. The board by Objectives (MBO) technique includes defining explicit quantifiable objectives with every representative and afterward occasionally auditing the advancement made. Points of interest: 1. It sets destinations that are quantifiable and quantifiable. 2. It remembers the representative interest for objective-setting process. 3. It likewise includes employee’s dynamic support in building up the activity plan. 4. It gives a chance to administrator and worker to examine advance and adjust targets when fundamental. Detriments: 1. It is tedious. 2. It might bring about a back-and-forth or forward and backward conversations among administrator and worker for setting the targets, activity plan and so on. Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) is an evaluation technique that consolidates the advantages of account basic episodes and quantitative appraisals. Points of interest: 1. It is a generally increasingly precise technique for measure. 2. It has extremely clear characterized principles. 3. It helps in giving explicit valuable input to workers. 4. It is autonomous of measurements and a steady strategy for evaluation. 5. It is created through dynamic cooperation of the two supervisors and occupation occupants. 6. It has a more prominent possibility of acknowledgment as the two chiefs and officeholders are engaged with its turn of events. Weaknesses: 1. It requires some investment and pledge to create. 2. There are isolated structures that must be created for various employments. Q3. Clarify the rising patterns in Human Resource Management and talk about the significance of innovation on human asset work. Represent your answer with models. Q4. For what reason should associations take part in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require moderately perplexing and thorough HR arranging frameworks than isn't that right? Talk about. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The continuous procedure of deliberate intending to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most important resource is HR division. The goal of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among representatives and employments, while keeping away from labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are anticipating work request, examining present work flexibly, and adjusting anticipated work request and gracefully.

Diversity or Merit

Diversity or Merit Theres something Ive been mulling over in my head for a long time. Its an issue at the intersection of other excellent posts that folks have made here on the blogs, such as Davids Putting Diversity Into Context and Annas Being Qualified For MIT, as well as conversations (good and bad) that Ive had with people on CollegeConfidential and elsewhere. When Im on the road, or in an information session, or online in various communities, I often am asked something along the lines of the following question: What does MIT value more: diversity, or merit? In its uglier, less delicate version, especially online, the premise underlying the question is not hidden within it at all, but barely-veiled, an unstated principle from which to derive a conclusion: Oh, [that student] did / did not get in or will / will not be accepted because they are a woman / a minority / from a rural state / an athlete / an artist / a traveling magician, even though they are *unqualified* Lets cut to the core of the matter. When somebody asks me this question, or proclaims this conclusion, they are assuming this: that MIT, for some students, values something called diversity more than something called merit, and that we admit underqualified students who bring diversity instead of admitting more meritorious students who lack it. This is simply wrong. It is also subtly wrong. And heres the subtlety. The unspoken premise which undergirds this way of thinking assumes that there is a dichotomy between diversity and merit. We either select for diversity, OR we select for merit; they are otherwise exclusive characteristics, which cannot be combined in a single applicant. I would hope that premise, once so plainly stated, is self-evidently absurd. But in the pursuit of further conceptual clarity, lets talk a little bit more about these two factors merit, and diversity what we mean by them, and how they play into our admissions process. When we talk about merit in the admissions process, what we really mean, for the vast majority of applicants, is closer to the idea of qualified or prepared. Based on a bevy of data in your application your scores, your grades, your teacher recommendations, your courses, your achievements, and so forth can we conclude that you are prepared to handle the material at MIT. Now obviously preparation is in some sense a range. You can be more or less prepared for MIT based on the work that you have done and the experiences you have had. A student who has not taken calculus is comparatively much less prepared than a student who has. But there is one thing that all students admitted to MIT have in common. And that is that we are confident they are prepared to succeed at MIT. Put another way: while not all students admitted to MIT are equally well prepared and how could they be, with such different experiences? all students at MIT are sufficiently prepared to succeed at MIT. We do not admit students who are not prepared to attend MIT. Period. No one benefits. Not MIT, when the student fails out. Not the student, when they could have succeeded somewhere else. Everybody loses. And I hate to lose. By the same token, we do not admit students who are unqualified for admission to MIT. I define qualified, for these purposes, as meaning prepared for attending MIT. We are not going to admit anyone, for any reason, who doesnt possess the qualification, the preparation yes, the merit to deserve, and to capitalize on, their admission. Now, more than half the students who apply to MIT every year are qualified for admittance, by which I mean the majority of applicants are sufficiently prepared to do the work at MIT. The question thus arises: how do we constitute a class from all these qualified students? This is where the idea of diversity comes in. On our What To Do In High School page, we say this of our application process: When we admit a class of students to MIT, its as if were choosing a 1,000-person team to climb a very interesting, fairly rugged mountain together. We obviously want people who have the training, stamina and passion for the climb. At the same time, we want each to add something useful or intriguing to the team, from a wonderful temperament or sense of humor, to compelling personal experiences, to a wide range of individual gifts, talents, interests and achievements. We are emphatically not looking for a batch of identical perfect climbers; we are looking for a richly varied team of capable people who will support, surprise and inspire each other. Put another way: we are not looking for the thousand students who aced the math SAT. Or the thousand students who won some biology award. Or for that matter the thousand students who come from poor, underrepresented backgrounds that make our hearts bleed. We are looking for the best mix of all these students who will together constitute a terrific class. And in assembling this class we consider many, many, many factors holistically in our process. This is what we mean when we say we value diversity. It means we want a lot of different people, from a lot of different backgrounds, to come to MIT and to learn from each other. One of the most important things about college is its role as a socializing institution. College is a place where you meet all sorts of people from all sorts of backgrounds and you learn from each other. It is, properly constituted, an environment which fosters intellectual, ideological, and social cross-pollination. You need diversity broadly defined for college to matter. For college to be worth it. If all you want to do is learn stuff, you can go to the library and check out textbooks for free. If, on the other hand, you want to learn stuff, and to also learn from other people, and to become aware of problems which exist in the world which need solving, and learn to interact with people from different beliefs and backgrounds, then you need college. Or at least something so similar to college as to be effectively indistinguishable. There is no easy way into MIT. There is no backdoor or bootstrap. You are admitted to MIT because you are awesome. You may be awesome and not be admitted. We only have so many beds and so many seats. But for every person we admit, you can be sure that they are sufficient prepared to do the work here, and that they are also going to contribute something to campus. The point I am trying to make is this: when it comes to each applicant, we are not looking for merit or diversity. We are looking for merit and diversity. Its not either/or. Its yes/and.

What Is the Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve

Students learn in microeconomics that the demand curve for a good, which shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity of the good that consumers demand- i.e. are willing, ready, and able to purchase- has a negative slope. This negative slope reflects the observation that people demand more of almost all goods when they gets cheaper and vice versa.  This is known as the law of demand. The Aggregate Demand Curve in Macroeconomics In contrast, the aggregate demand curve used in macroeconomics shows the relationship between the overall (i.e. average) price level in an economy, usually represented by the GDP Deflator, and the total amount of all goods demanded in an economy. Note that goods in this context technically refers to both goods and services. Specifically, the aggregate demand curve shows real GDP, which, in equilibrium, represents both total output and total income in an economy, on its horizontal axis. Technically, in the context of aggregate demand, the Y on the horizontal axis represents aggregate expenditure.  As it turns out, the aggregate demand curve also slopes downwards, giving a similar negative relationship between price and quantity that exists with the demand curve for a single good. The reason that the aggregate demand curve has a negative slope, however, is quite different. In a lot of cases, people consume less of a particular good when its price increases because they have an incentive to substitute away to other goods that have become relatively less expensive as a result of the price increase. On an aggregate level, however, this is somewhat difficult to do- though not totally impossible, since consumers can substitute away to imported goods in some situations. Therefore, the aggregate demand curve must slope downwards for different reasons. In fact, there are three reasons why the aggregate demand curve exhibits this pattern: the wealth effect, the interest-rate effect, and the exchange-rate effect. The Wealth Effect When the overall price level in an economy decreases, consumers purchasing power increases, since every dollar they have goes further than it used to. On a practical level, this increase in purchasing power is similar to an increase in wealth, so it shouldnt be surprising that an increase in purchasing power makes consumers want to consume more. Since consumption is a component of GDP (and therefore a component of aggregate demand), this increase in purchasing power caused by a reduction in the price level leads to an increase in aggregate demand. Conversely, an increase in the overall price level decreases the purchasing power of consumers, making them feel less wealthy, and therefore decreases the number of goods that consumers want to purchase, leading to a decrease in aggregate demand. The Interest-Rate Effect While it is true that lower prices encourage consumers to increase their consumption, it is often the case that case that this increase in the number of goods purchased still leaves consumers with more money left over than they had before. This leftover money is then saved and lent out to companies and households for investment purposes. The market for loanable funds responds to the forces of supply and demand just like any other market, and the price of loanable funds is the real interest rate. Therefore, the increase in consumer saving results in an increase in the supply of loanable funds, which decreases the real interest rate and increases the level of investment in the economy. Since investment is a category of GDP (and therefore a component of aggregate demand), a decrease in the price level leads to an increase in aggregate demand. Conversely, an increase in the overall price level tends to decrease the amount that consumers save, which lowers the supply of savings, raises the real interest rate, and lowers the quantity of investment. This decrease in investment leads to a decrease in aggregate demand. The Exchange-Rate Effect Since net exports (i.e. the difference between exports and imports in an economy) is a component of GDP (and therefore aggregate demand), its important to think about the effect that a change in the overall price level has on the levels of imports and exports. In order to examine the effect of price changes on imports and exports, however, we need to understand the impact of an absolute change in the price level on relative prices between different countries. When the overall price level in an economy decreases, the interest rate in that economy tends to decline, as explained above. This decline in the interest rate makes saving via domestic assets look less attractive compared to saving via assets in other countries, so demand for foreign assets increases. In order to purchase these foreign assets, people need to exchange their dollars (if the U.S. is the home country, of course) for foreign currency. Like most other assets, the price of currency (i.e. the exchange rate) is determined by the forces of supply and demand, and an increase in demand for foreign currency increases the price of foreign currency. This makes domestic currency relatively cheaper (i.e. the domestic currency depreciates), meaning that the decrease in the price level not only reduces prices in an absolute sense but also reduces prices relative to the exchange-rate adjusted price levels of other countries. This decrease in the relative price level makes domestic goods cheaper than they were before for foreign consumers. The currency depreciation also makes imports more expensive for domestic consumers than they were before. Not surprisingly, then, a decrease in the domestic price level increases the number of exports and decreases the number of imports, resulting in an increase in net exports. Because net exports is a category of GDP (and therefore a component of aggregate demand), a decrease in the price level leads to an increase in aggregate demand. Conversely, an increase in the overall price level will increase interest rates, causing foreign investors to demand more domestic assets and, by extension, increase the demand for dollars. This increase in demand for dollars makes dollars more expensive (and foreign currency less expensive), which discourages exports and encourages imports. This decreases net exports and, as a result, decreases aggregate demand.

Short Story - 1025 Words

Initially golden eyes were drawn to examining the manor that stood imposingly existent, as most noble dwellings did, though at the question they turned menacingly towards the offending party. Plenty of Eliseo’s days had passed with his brother’s devious second hand man lingering overhead, and he could detect the subtle threat that lay dormant beneath a guise of parting pleasantries. If features weren’t already stiffened from the metal that encased the lower half of his face the outright disrespect of such an inquiry would have been capable of producing the same result, and yet he felt the message was conveyed well by the narrowed gleam of an already impatient glare. â€Å"Ensuring the sanctity of the Devore name is, and will always be, my†¦show more content†¦Realization quickly dawned that he’d unintentionally allowed every ounce of displeasure concerning this venture to overcome him, and it had finally gotten to the point where he was locked aw ay within an endless cycle of thought. Apologetic fingers reached upwards to smooth over a hurriedly lowered head, which lead to an entire three minutes of soothing petting, though the question of whose benefit the session had taken place for remained an unresolved mystery. With nerves that were as settled as they were ever going to get in such a situation a reason to linger outdoors no longer existed, and yet there wasn’t even a chance to knock before eager members of the mansions staff were politely welcoming him inside. Cracks from earlier frustrations roiled across his carefully crafted facade; nevertheless, it functioned as it was intended to, and no one had to be any the wiser as his natural poise presented him in the most proper manner. Greetings were kept to minimal expressions of civility while Eliseo turned over an undoubtedly expensive coat, and within moments of entering he was already being ushered down lavish hallways towards a destination he could only assume would be the parlor. Enamored by the surrounding decor, Eliseo saw little reason to bother with polite chit-chat, and instead remained focusedShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Behavior Observation Report Free Essays

Cody, my nine-year old cousin, was observed during a period of interaction with his 42-year old mother and some of his peers who are generally at the same age as he is. The observation was conducted at their home during the free time of the boy in the afternoon. Observation Cody was playing along with his peers and sharing his Playstation 2 console with the group. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavior Observation Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now A moment came when Cody was directly playing against one of his peers, then his mother suddenly called him and instructed him to go to the kitchen in an agitated tone. Cody seemed really annoyed for a while but eventually came to his mother to listen to what she had to say. Cody asked for what reason he was called for. His mother suddenly became quite agitated while pointing to some dirty clothes lying on the floor. His mother then shouted at him, â€Å"What’s wrong with you? All you do when you get to play with your friends is forget about how to do things properly. Why did you change your clothes and leave them at places where they should not be found? Clean up your mess now! † Cody obliged although evidently angry as seen through his facial expression. After hastily completing the task, he went back to his friends and continued the game. After a few minutes, his mother came to their play area and immediately shouted, â€Å"What is this mess all about? I spend every morning tidying up this place and you and your friend constantly ruin the arrangements and make everything so dirty. Clean this place this instant! † Cody was infuriated at that point and shouted â€Å"shut up! † while cleaning the place when his mother finally left the place. Upon hearing the voice of his mother, I observed that his mood changes from relatively friendly to an irritated one. Expectedly, his mother called him again. Cody was obviously murmuring â€Å"shut up! † over and over as he went towards his mother. Incidentally, upon seeing Cody, his mother said, â€Å"Would you like some snacks? † Cody just nodded, apparently still showing quite an angry face and mood. He got the chocolate bar and went back to watching television. Another similar scenario occurred, wherein he was irritated by the call of his mother even though she just offered him some juice. Observer Response In the context of classical conditioning (CC), a primary or unconditioned stimuli (US) and the secondary or conditioned stimuli (CS) are both defined as vital parts of the learning process. In relation to these, the conditional response (CR) and unconditional response (UR) are of course also present. The primary or unconditioned stimulus is the events of scolding of his mother. The unconditional response, as a result, is the hostility and anger that Cody expresses during these scolding events. Due to the fact that such events occur at quite an often interval, Cody was observed to exhibit the same reactions towards his mother that he expresses during scolding events, even if such events are not yet occurring. For instance, hostility and anger are exhibited even at times when Cody simply hears the voice of his mother. Thus, the secondary or conditioned stimulus is the voice of his mother. Although definitely related to the events wherein he is reprimanded, it does not necessarily mean that each time his mother calls him, he would get yelled at. This is well understood during the events wherein even though his mother did not reprimand him, upon hearing her voice, Cody entered quite an aggressive state. It is also worthy to note that even though Cody accepted both offers of refreshments, he never shifted to a more pleasant outlook. The presence of a consistent expression of irritation upon hearing his mother’s voice regardless of reason has become a conditional response in this case. Since the response, which involves signs of anger and related emotions, is exhibited regardless of the unconditional stimuli, which are basically the scolding events, it can then be inferred that CC occurred. Also, it is important to keep in mind that the neutral stimulus, his mother’s voice, has completely become the CS, which further proves the presence of CC. Opinion CC, otherwise known as Pavlovian conditioning, is considered to be one of the pioneer concepts of learning. Currently however, it has definitely lost much of its appeal upon the conceptualization of operant conditioning, which serves a more common role and purpose in society as it is seen to be more applicable in general. Usually viewed for its applications on animals, CC was actually developed from experiments using a dog; thus, the way of thinking regarding CC is rather understandable. The real reason as to why it is considered more for training animals is that animals commonly have a noncomplex method of thinking. This suggests that due to the complex ability and capability of human reasoning, CC is not that effective. Even with the points stated, it is still undeniable that humans are capable of being affected with CC. As with the observed trend in the emotional state of Cody, by simply hearing the voice of his mother, it seems that CC occurs at more common scenarios than usually thought. Although there is a possibility for Cody to think about the fact that hearing his mothers voice does not always result in negative scenarios, his frequent exposure to such seems to have caused him to react to it in a fixed manner. Therefore, even though mainly associated with zoological applications as stated, the CC theory still holds true even for humans for certain cases and is probably manifested through various emotional responses in more common ways than usually considered. How to cite Behavior Observation Report, Essays

Interpersonal and E Communication Social Media

Question: Discuss about the Interpersonal and E Communicationfor Social Media. Answer: Introduction Communication is the basic and integral part of every business towards conveying most important information to the customers regarding their products and services Gensler et al. (2013). The study will highlight the impact of social media on contemporary business communication. Apart from that, the study will describe the impact of social media on contemporary business through the example of one suitable business organization. Furthermore, the study will also demonstrate some examples through which the organization utilizes social media channels in their business. Discussion Business communication is an extremely vital pathway for communicating important business information among the internal as well as external stakeholders of an organization. The prime intension behind business communication is to promote the value of the product and services for getting commercial benefits out of it (Huang, Baptista and Galliers 2013). Moreover, business communication involves constant flow of information and mutual exchange of understanding generated from the receiver. Tradition form of business communication was completely different from that of todays business communication. There for less tough of digitalization in the communication vital information to the audience groups. As per Paniagua and Sapena (2014) traditional business information used to be communicated mostly through billboards, publications, face-to-face communication, television and radio. Moreover, Trainor et al. (2014) opined that such traditional business communication channels were very limited t o reach at the target audiences. Furthermore, earlier business organizations often used to fail in communicating the right information to the right person within right time. Over the last 20 years, business communication has taken a new shape and form for delivering business information. Recent form of business communication is completely different from earlier business communication (Baptista and Newell 2015). Moreover, todays business communication is all embraced with advanced technology and intended to communicate with the customers more personally (Wagner, Vollmar and Wagner 2014). The emerging needs of competitive advantage and tough market competition have raised the needs of speed in communicating business information. Promptness in business communication can better help in beating the marker competition (Gensler et al. 2013). With the emerging needs of the businesses towards establishing personal relationship with the customers, the organizations are more inclined to search for personal information of the customers in the internet (Aral, Dellarocas and Godes 2013). In such extent, social media has gained extreme popularity in the recent business communication. Ngai, Tao and Moon (2015) opined that social medial has provides the business an opportunity towards understanding the customers more personally. The contemporary businesses are more capable of interacting with the customers for understanding and identifying their dynamic needs and demands. Apart from that, the contemporary organizations, which have global businesses, have obvious needs for reaching timely information to the global customers for gaining competitive advantage (Treem and Leonardi 2013). In this extent, social medial is quite helpful in interacting with the global customers more intensely. Social has become a fundamental part of every people and it is associated with the daily lives of the people. In this way, organizations can reach to wide customer base in fraction of second through the usage of social media. In this way, social media assists in expanding the customer base of the organizations. Furthermore, Hajli (2014) opined that social media helps the contemporary businesses to towards beyond mere information exchange. Through social media channels like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram, the customers can share their preferred images and videos regarding the specific products and services. In this way, the contemporary businesses are quite capable of understanding the customer perspective regarding their products and services (Wagner, Vollmar and Wagner 2014). Hennig-Thurau, Hofacker and Bloching (2013) pointed out that customers can also freely provide their feedbacks regarding their experience about the specific products and services. Moreover, social media channels have become effective interactive communication medium for the contemporary businesses. Therefore, it becomes quite easy for the organizations to modify their products and services as the needs of the customers. In this way, the contemporary business organizations are more capable of gaining competitive edge over the rivals through unique touch in their products and services (Goh, Heng and Lin 2013). Being highly interactive in nature, the social media channels assists in better promotion of products and services of the organizations. As per Huang, Baptista and Newell (2015), customers can share important information, links and images of their preferred products and services through social media channels. Customers often recommend their preferred products and services to their closed ones through social media channels. In this way, social media facilitates in enhancing electronic word of mouth for the products and services. Moreover, electronic word of mouth actually minimizes the expensive advertising cost of the contemporary businesses (Rishika et al. 2013). In this highly competitive business environment, contemporary business organizations face tough challenges towards maintaining the speed in business communication. It is mostly a challenge for the global businesses towards providing right information to the global customers in right time. According to Yu, Duan and Cao (2013), social media is the perfect medium for these contemporary businesses towards reaching at the global customers in shortest period of time. On the other hand, Jiang, Luo and Kulemeka (2016) argued that contemporary business organizations have no control over the communication with the customers. Moreover, the negative feedback posted by the customers in the social media channels can destroy the image of products and services to wide range of customers. With the globalized nature in contemporary businesses, the organizations are to manage global teams with decentralized management approach. In this way, recent business organizations often face the issues of employee engagement in global basis. Braojos-Gomez, Benitez-Amado and Llorens-Montes (2015) pointed out that social media platform can be quite helpful for the organization towards building effective networks of employees. Moreover, the employees can effectively share vital organizational information among each other, which develops employee bonding and engagement. However, Yadav and Rahman (2017) opined that in some situation, employees either intentionally or unintentionally share some confidential information of the organization through social media, which was not actually intended to communicate. In this way, social media can sometimes lead to security breaches for the organizations. Contemporary organizations are getting highly diversified in nature and marinating multiple business units simultaneously. In such situation, the organizations often face challenges in maintaining personal relationship with the customers in different business units. According to Goh, Heng and Lin (2013), social media channels are extremely helpful in identifying the customers issues and obligations. Therefore, the organizations can maintain long lasting customer relationship through prompt solution to their issues. However, Rishika et al. (2013) opined that social media offers zero cost per interaction with the customers. In this way, the web is now getting increasing numbers of spam and irrelevant information. Therefore, the organizations are facing extreme challenges in communicating informative messages to the target customers within effective time. Dominos Australia can be considered as the suitable example, which relies on extensive usage of social media for its business communication. The organization often post interactive and attractive videos and images regarding their food products through Facebook, YouTube and Instragram (Taneja and Toombs 2014). Apart from interactive videos and images, the organization also shares vital information regarding the quality of the products. In this way, the organization can better promote their products to wide range of customers. Furthermore, the positive feedback posted by the customers on social media has enhanced the positive word-of-mouth regarding the products (Huang, Baptista and Newell 2015). In this way, it has increased the customer attraction capability of the organization, which has increased its sales volume. Dominos Australia also offers attractive discounts and coupons in its Facebook and Twitter account. It facilitates the customers towards getting useful and attractive information about the products in regards to product offerings (Jiang, Luo and Kulemeka 2016). In this way, the social media assists this organization towards enhancing the loyalty level of the customers. Through social media platform also fosters strong customer relationship for Dominos Australia. Moreover, the organization involves the customers in the business decision making through social media platform. The organization asks customers regarding their experience with the pizzas. Furthermore, as per the customer experience, the organization often makes modification on their products. In this way, the customized tough in the products can help the organization to create competitive advantage over the rivals (Yadav and Rahman 2017). Apart from that, it also helps the organization towards enhancing customer loyalty through enhanced customer value. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said social media is highly influential on contemporary businesses. Apart from just sharing the product information, the social media platform also helps in interactive communication with the customers. In competitive business market, there is an emerging need of the organization to create competitive advantage through timely sharing of information with the customers. In such extent, the social media is quite helpful for the organization towards sharing timely information with the customers within shortest period of time. Dominos Australia effectively use social media platform for gaining competitive edge over its rivals. Moreover, the customer interaction through the usage of Facebook, Twitter and Instragram helps in enhancing customer loyalty. Reference List Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. and Godes, D., 2013. Introduction to the special issuesocial media and business transformation: a framework for research.Information Systems Research,24(1), pp.3-13. Braojos-Gomez, J., Benitez-Amado, J. and Llorens-Montes, F.J., 2015. 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